By 2018, tax academics showed US multinationals were the largest users of BEPS tools and Ireland was the largest global BEPS hub or tax haven. They showed that multinationals from 'territorial' tax systems, which all but a handful of countries follow, did not use BEPS tools, or tax havens, including those that had recently switched, such as Japan (2009), and the UK (2009–12). US tax academics showed as long ago as 1994 that US multinational use of tax havens and BEPS tools had maximised long-term US exchequer receipts. CAIA can provide up to twice the tax shield of Single Malt, or Double Irish, and was identified with Apple in the 2015 leprechaun economics affair.Single malt is almost identical to the Double Irish, and was identified with Microsoft (LinkedIn), and Allergan in 2017.If you are interested in Energy Focus single-ended or double-ended LED tubes, contact us and we will be able to help you find the perfect LED solution for your installation needs. The Commercial DEBB functions without a ballast, minimizing points of failure and requiring less maintenance. When upgrading to LED lamps, customers have the option to utilize their existing lampholders, helping to reduce the average retrofit installation time.

The DEBB can be used with shunted or unshunted lampholders. The Energy Focus Commercial Double-Ended Ballast Bypass (DEBB) LED tube is a double-ended lamp. Double-ended lamps use shunted lampholders, so that the two contact pins on the live side of the lamp are shorted together, creating no voltage difference between the pins.

Fluorescent lamps are typically double-ended as well, making retrofit applications easier to complete with double-ended LED lamps.

A double-ended LED lamp is a lamp that has the live and neutral pins on the opposite side of each lamp.

Doubble b for boom d boom